GIMP image conversion from Nikon NEF in Windows and Ubuntu

Windows
GIMP - Batch RAW conversion in Windows.... Installed GIMP 2.8, ufraw 0.18 and here we go....

Follow http://registry.gimp.org/node/26260

E:\Personal\Photos\Unix_Outing_17022013>"E:\Programs\GIMP 2\bin\ufraw-batch.exe"
--out-type=jpg --compression=95 *.NEF

Linux - Ubuntu
$ sudo apt-get install gimp
$ sudo apt-get install ufraw
$ sudo apt-get install gimp-ufraw

ufraw-batch --out-type=jpeg  --compression=85 *.NEF

OR

ufraw-batch --lensfun=none --out-type=jpeg  --compression=85 *.NEF

Tata photon Huawei and MTS ZTE Blaze in Ubuntu 13.04 Wheezy

Before you start

Ensure that you have installed wvdial, usbmodeswitch and usbmodeswitch_data

# dpkg -l | grep wvdial
# dpkg -l | grep modeswitch

Install it from your ISO or any other source. Be careful about the proper version is installed.

Be sure that USB driver modules are loaded.

# lsmod | grep usb

This should show that USB Serial driver is loaded
# usbserial              36911  2 option,usb_wwan

Load it if not.
# modprobe usbserial

Tata photon+ Huawei EC1561 Manufacturer ID 12d1 Product ID 1446

$ sudo su -

Connect your dongle

# lsusb
This should show the device as

Bus 003 Device 009: ID 12d1:140b Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. EC1260 Wireless Data Modem HSD USB Card

# modprobe usbserial vendor=0x12d1 product=0x1446
# usb_modeswitch -I -W -c /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/12d1\:1446

Run wvdialconf. Then make it to look like the one below. This is a simple configuration. I will show you how to add both Tata Huawei EC1561 and MTS ZTE together at the bottom of this document.

[Dialer Defaults]
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Modem Type = Analog Modem
Phone = #777
ISDN = 0
Username = internet
Init1 = ATZ
Password = internet
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0
Baud = 9600

Now dial to connect...

# wvdial

That's it - you are now connected to the internet. You can create the Connection in GUI through System -> Preference -> Network connection

The file /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/12d1\:1446 may not exist by default depending on your USB ModesSwitch pkg. Create it with the entries as shown below.

DefaultVendor=  0x12d1
DefaultProduct= 0x1446
TargetVendor=   0x12d1
TargetProduct=  0x1446 
TargetClass=    
TargetProductList="1001,1406,140b,140c,1412,141b,14ac"

DetachStorageOnly=0
HuaweiMode=0
SierraMode=0
SonyMode=0
GCTMode=0
KobilMode=0
MessageEndpoint=  not set
MessageContent="55534243123456780000000000000011062000000100000000000000000000"
NeedResponse=0

Create a file called /etc/modprobe.d/usb-storage.conf with the following entries

options usb-storage delay_use=3

MTS Blaze ZTE Manufacturer ID 19d2 Product ID fffe

$ sudo su -

Connect your dongle

# lsusb
This should show something like

Bus 003 Device 009: ID 19d2:fffe ZTE

# modprobe usbserial vendor=0x19d2 product=0xfffe
# usb_modeswitch -v 0x19d2 -p 0xfffe -H -W



Run wvdialconf. Then make it to look like the one below. This is a simple configuration. I will show you how to add both Tata Huawei EC1561 and MTS ZTE together at the bottom of this document.

[Dialer Defaults]
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Modem Type = Analog Modem
Phone = #777
ISDN = 0
Username = internet@internet.mtsindia.in
Init1 = ATZ
Password = mts
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0
Baud = 115200

Now dial and connect to Internet

# wvdial

Here is the WVDIAL config for both the devices to work together

[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = ATZ
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Stupid Mode = 1
Modem Type = Analog Modem
ISDN = 0
New PPPD = yes
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0
Baud = 9600

[Dialer mts]
Phone = #777
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0
Password = mts
Username = internet@internet.mtsindia.in
Baud = 115200

[Dialer tata]
Phone = #777
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0
Password = internet
Username = internet
Baud = 9600

Now you can dial both the Modems

$ sudo wvdial tata

$ sudo wvdial mts

Which one do you think the best OS?

Linux
AIX
HPUX
Solaris
AS400
Mac OS
Windows

Accurate calculation of memory utilization in Linux

Hi, We use ps aux | awk '{sum +=$4}; END {print sum}' to find the total memory utilization excluding the buffers and cache. This one manipulates the wrong data at some instances. No idea why  . So in addition to this we can adopt the below commands as wel.. free -m | grep "+" | awk {'print $3/$4*100'} or more handy U=`free -m | grep "+" | awk {'print $3'}`;F=`free -m | grep "+" | awk {'print $4'}`;echo "scale=2;$U/$F*100"| bc There may be another ways as well. Comments please.

Check remote UDP connectivity from Linux

Hi there,
You all know how to check TCP port connectivity from a Linux or UNIX machine to a remote machine using telnet as per th example below
$ telnet 127.0.0.1 25

but we can't adopt TELNET to check UDP connectivity.

Linux and most of the UNIXes come with a network layer utility called nc (abbreviation for netcat) which is very useful to check UDP connectivity and to explore a lot with both TCP and UDP.

An example is shown below

# nc -v -u -z -w 3 172.24.16.131 123
Connection to 172.24.16.131 123 port [udp/ntp] succeeded!

Merge a number of files or file contents

#!/bin/bash
# Script to create a CSV formatted text with a file of a few lines having one entry per line.
# This will merge the files line by line

for i in `cat test`; do echo $i > out/$i.out; done;
paste -d, out/*

Problem with passwordless SSH as ROOT equivalent user

Password less SSH using RSA/DSA public key helps a lot in automated file copying, scripts, cron, etc. but there found a trouble when a root equivalent user will try this mechanism.

It wont work if you just copy/append the public key to remote server's ~/.ssh/authorized_keys. The wrong thing here is when you generate public key it will make one with username root instead of the real user's name since the UID is 0. The hack to be done to fix this is just change the username at the end of the public key in authorized_keys at remote server.

. Change the username entry of Public key at remote location in authorized_keys from root to USER. If you have a single entry in authorized_keys you can run the below command. Otherwise open it in an editor and replace the ROOT with USERNAME for the specific key.

# sed -i 's/root/USER/g' /home/USER/.ssh/authorized_keys

Other general things to be taken care in SSH key mechanism are

· Set user and group of /home/USER to USER

# chown USER.USER –R /home/USER

· Changed the permission of /home/USER/.ssh to 700

# chown 700 /home/USER/.ssh

· Changed the permission of all files under /home/USER/.ssh to 600

# chmod go-rwx /home/USER/.ssh/*

· Use ssh –i /home/USER/.ssh/id_rsa option for password less authentication

· Restart SSHD.